The Promotion of Unhealthy Habits through Smoking Essay

The Promotion of Unhealthy Habits through Smoking - Essay Example This essay "The Promotion of Unhealthy Habits through Smoking" outlines the negative effect of the advertising, its targets and the most influenced age group. Till as late as the 1970s tobacco companies had an almost unobstructed ride with their freewheeling advertisements. However, as more and more irrefutable scientific evidence pointed towards smoking-related health hazards, governments of more advanced nations and various other social and medical groups took up cudgels against irresponsible cigarette advertisements that could mislead people. In the United States such resistance culminated in the Master Settlement Act (MSA) signed on November 1998 between 46 states and five territories and he major tobacco companies viz. Phillip Morris Companies (now known as Altria), RJ Reynolds Tobacco, Lorillard Tobacco, and Brown and Williamson. The MSA came into effect in 1999 and curbed outdoor cigarette advertising, transit advertising, cigarette-related cartoon characters, product placemen t in the media and tobacco merchandizing (Krugman et al, 2006, pp. 197). Simultaneously, it had been made mandatory that all tobacco products carry health hazard warnings, and even more stringent laws have been enacted in states such as California to ban tobacco advertisements in youth magazines and sale of tobacco to young people. In spite of all such anti-smoking measures, tobacco companies still managed to come up with novel ways of circumventing the law and rules and use advertisements to promote sales.

ETHICS PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ETHICS PAPER - Essay Example To begin with, one should point out that the role of a strategic plan is to outline the principles that will guide an organization in the long term perspective. It is quite obvious that if a company adopts principles that are unethical, the result will be disastrous: it will be a target of criticism of the public and the entire business as at risk. Contrary to that, if ethical principles were enshrined in the course of developing a strategic plan, then it will allow an organization to find the correct solution to every problem that it faces. In addition to that, the concept of social responsibility is the one that is closely tied to application of ethical principles in a strategic plan. Indeed, the force that should drive an organization to improve one’s performance and make it more sustainable is the acknowledgement of the impact that it has on the social environment and accepting responsibility for these actions. This means that such a strategic plan would urge the organization to minimize its negative impact on the environment in case it has any. Moreover, it will provide effective ways to adjust the current practices in order to make sure that the performance does not cause any damage. However, it must be noted that while applying ethics and accepting social responsibility, the company should also take into consideration the needs of stakeholders. By definition, stakeholders are the people for whom certain actions make essential difference (Freeman, 2010, 44). One should keep in mind that stakeholders are often found not only inside an organization, but outside of it as well. That is why the most essential part of developing a strategic plan that would be both ethical and socially responsible is not to overlook needs of any stakeholders. This means that a company should carry out an objective investigation of the state of affairs and identify the primary

Concept Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Concept Analysis - Coursework Example Concept analysis process in nursing theory development involves numerous steps. Walker and Avant (1994) propose that the most important step is the identification of the concept and its uses when gathering materials for study. This is because concepts are articulated by a phrase or word. According to Walker and Avant (1994), the analysis of a concept must unavoidably be a review of the descriptive word and its use. To me, concept analysis is; therefore, an examination of the term and its significance in nursing and its comparison to other related phrases (McEwen & Wills, 2014). The identification of the concept and its use is significant because a wrongful identification of the concept would lead to incorrect conclusions, and the whole process would be wrong (Ziegler, 2013). Additionally, it would be a waste of time and resources for the researcher to explore a totally irrelevant topic that is outside the real problem (McEwen & Wills, 2014). Therefore, it is imperative for the researcher to identify the concept and its applications in the development of the theory. This step would also assist in accurate identification of the attributes of the concept. Townsend, L., & Scanlany, J. (2001). Self-efficacy related to student nurses in the clinical setting: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 8(1). doi:10.2202/1548-923X.2223 Permalink to

A doll's house Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A doll's house - Essay Example Her identity has always been established by her husband Torvald who treats her as one of his responsibilities. Nora at the start of the play seems happy and does not mind her doll like existence and responds to the teasing of her husband affectionately. With the progression of the play various facets of her intelligent and courageous nature is highlighted which is far removed from the inauthentic â€Å"silly girl† her husband thinks her to be. She took a loan to preserve her husband’s health and this proves very clearly that she was intelligent and possessed qualities that were beyond mere wifehood. All her life she lived under the care of her father and later her husband thus she is inexperienced in the ways of the world. Over the course of the play she emerges as a strong and authentic individual who refuses to be a doll and rejects the false union of marriage and the burden of motherhood, telling Torvald in no uncertain terms that, "Ive been your wife-doll here, just as at home I was Papas doll-child."(1608) Her childhood friend Mrs.Linde comes into her life after losing her husband and mother. Her life is filled with poverty and struggle. She is hard working, practical, sensible and very down to earth. Her adherence to the norms of society provides a perfect foil to the impetuous nature of Nora. Her view of the world is practical whereas Nora’s views are childlike. Mrs. Linde is a perfect foil to Nora’s exuberance as well as to her feminist ideas which erupt at the end of the play. Mrs. Linde is an archetype of the woman of those days, whose qualities Michael Meyer has described as â€Å"stuffy Victorianisms. She looks forward to the label of a wife, even if it means marrying the rascible Krogstad. She has been the dutiful daughter who nursed her sick mother until her death, whereas Nora had no such filial emotions and

Occupier Liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Occupier Liability - Essay Example According to the discussion there is a common duty of care6 on the occupier to ensure his premises are reasonably safe at all times.7 If any danger exists, it is the duty of the Occupier to post signs warning of the danger and this can satisfy the duty of care expected8. In the case of the Park, due signs were posted and therefore, visitors to the park were duly warned they were using the facilities at their own risk. Occupier liability will be limited by the element of foreseability of accidents. In the case of Cunningham v Reading9 loose tiles on the terrace were the cause of police injury, for which the Occupier was held liable, because this was an instance where injuries were foreseeable and chances of occurrence were also higher, therefore the Occupant was held liable. This may also hold good in the case of the Park, because three aspects must be noted the signs warning of the risk were corroded and unreadable and therefore practically non existent. Exclusion clauses, waiving li ability, must be clearly communicated - if they are printed on the back of a ticket or communicated indistinctly, they will not be valid10. the element of foreseeability of accident was high due to the nature of the facilities. Moreover, the Park may also face difficulties on the issue of maintenance of the slides, since they collapsed with the weight of only two children.

Interview and Interrogation Essay Example for Free

Interview and Interrogation Essay Interviews and interrogations should be structured around the investigatory elements of the incident or crime. The need for careful planning and advance preparation cannot be overstated. It is one of the most difficult but most interesting phases of criminal investigation and detection. It is the confrontational battle of wits between the investigator and the suspect. It is a mental combat where the weapon is intelligence and the use of the art. Victory depends upon proper and effective use. The purpose of interrogation on the part of the suspect, it is to extract a confession or admission. On the part of the uncooperative or unwilling witness, it is to extract the information he possesses. While interview a simple and skillful but friendly questioning of a person who is believed to the possessing a knowledge that is official interest to the investigation; for the purpose of obtaining information. In a preliminary interview at a crime scene, officers have extremely limited time for such planning. Consequently, they need to know their priorities in advance. They should obtain as much information as possible, identify and locate the offender (s)and broadcast the information or alert other officers and department about the offense and identity of the offender(s). Officers should not use police terminology when interviewing or interrogating people because it will increase the incriminating atmosphere of the questioning. A polygraph, which literally means â€Å"many writings† scientifically measures and records a subject’s physiological reactions to specific questions in an effort to detect deception. As a polygraph operator asks a series of predetermined questions, changes in the subject’s respiration, depth of breathing, blood pressure, pulse and electrical resistance of the skin are measured and graphed for analysis. According to Paynter (1999). A polygraph might be used to clear suspects; confirm victim, witness and informant statements; or locate evidence. Sometimes used as part of an exploratory exam to further investigate the criminal involvement of someone already in custody for a different offense. In addition , it can help screen applicants for employment, such as police officer candidates, and can be used to monitor the activities of probationers and parolees, who must submit to and pass periodic polygraph exams, as a condition of their sentence. No matter what type of technology is used, the result must always be used as an investigative aid, a supplement to a thorough investigation- never as a substitute for it. Akers, Ronald. 1997. Criminological theories. California: Rexbury Publishing Company. Bartol, C. R. 1985. Criminal behavior. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs. Bonn, Robert. 1984. Criminology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book of Company. Hess, Karen. 2006. Police operations. Singapore: Thomson Learning Manwong, Rommel k. 2006. Fundamentals of criminology. Singapore: Thomson Learning.

School Dietary Restrictions Analysis

School Dietary Restrictions Analysis Americas government is helping kids lives by having dietary restrictions in school cafeterias. Just like you need to put fuel into your car or recharge your phone, your body needs to be fed food that provides it with energy every day. Giving your body tones of sugar, or lots of calories a day is not healthy for you. Food like soda, candy, and fatty foods dont do well for your body. It makes your body gain weight and have unnecessary fat. Your body needs certain things that should be incorporated into your daily intake. Men/boys and women/girls have certain needs but not quiet the same. Men need an average of 2,400 calories per a day to maintain a healthy body weight.(sfgate.com). Women need between 2,000-2,200 calories per a day. (sfgate.com). Your body needs five main nutritional needs daily. Fiber, can lower risk of diabetes and heart disease. Which fiber can be found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes which is a member to the pea family. Vitamin D, which your body needs everyday. Easiest way for your body to produce vitamin D is through 15 minutes of sun exposure. Essential for healthy bones and neuromuscular function. This one is a no brainer which is water, the most important thing to intake each day. The health authorities commonly recommend 8-ounce glasses, which equals 2 liters, or half a gallon a day. Which this is called the 88 rule which is easy to remember. Also depending on your overall hea lth, activity level, and where you live depends on how much water you should drink daily. Calcium, is important for proper growth also development of the skeletal system, which the average persons body stops growing around the ages 18-24. Calcium, can aid in weight loss. Calcium also prevents certain cancers like colon cancer which is a cancer of the rectum and colon. It often begins as a polyp-a tissue growth in the colon or rectum. Rich foods like milk, bean curd, or dried apricots all have calcium. Which is crucial for brain and heart health. Sources of Omega-3 include fish oil, and certain plant/nut oils, reducing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and lowering blood pressure which many kids in school suffer from low/high blood pressure. As there are many things that your body needs, your body also doesnt need many things as well. There is a long list of bad things for your body. One of the main things that you should never start your day with is sugar! Sugar is the devil to your body. Sugar has many bad effects to your body especially that you dont need during school. Sugar can cause anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and causes crankiness in children. Sugar can cause tooth decay, also can weaken eyesight. Many kids in school suffer from obesity. About 30% of America are obese. From the slightest to the largest. Sugars are proven to make us fat, sugars also contribute to heart disease. What most humans eat day to day without thinking twice about it is fried foods. Fried foods dont just damage your body but also your brain in many different ways. Just as a car needs good oil to run efficiently and not break down, your body needs food that can be digested properly and not clog the one and only machine you have for your entire life. Fried foods do many things to your body it can clog your arteries, also can clog your veins which can lead to heart attacks. Fried foods leads to obesity. Obesity, basically means people are storing fried foods and carbohydrates as body fat. First lady Michelle Obama launched a campaign to end childhood obesity entitled the lets move campaign the goals are to, improve school food quality, making healthy foods affordable and accessible, focusing of physical education and getting parents informed about nutrition and exercise. By empowering childrens parents and caregivers the information and tools they need to make good choices for themselve s and their families. They will help our children develop lifelong healthy habits, which will bring us closer toward becoming a healthier America. Schools need to improve food quality. Not just to make them healthier, but also to make the portions larger. Many kids in school only eat at school because, they cant afford food at home. An abundant amount of kids rely on one meal a day, which is at school. There should be larger portions, because when kids dont have proper nutrition they lack focus. Everyones body is different and we all need the same needs in most cases but in all different portions. All depending on your weight, height, and much more. Learning portion control can help with obesity as well. Kids who are over weight are usually getting too many calories or, arent active enough, or both. When calories are a problem, it can be that they are drinking too much whole milk, juice, soda, or eating high-calorie foods, high-fat foods, and junk foods too often or in portions that are too large. Good nutrition means eating the right kinds and amount of food. It keeps you in good shape by limiting the amount of calories. To keep children in school from getting too many calories, understanding portion sizes can be a good place to start. Kids in school need a daily intake of vegetables, fruit, and calcium. To have a balanced meal throughout the day. Several studies show that nutritional status can directly affect mental capacity among school-aged children. Provide a balanced diet for better behavior and learning environments. Promote diet quality for positive school outcomes. School cafeterias need to balance out their food proportions, and what children should have a daily intake of. Nutrition is the process of consuming food and having the body use it as raw materials for growth, fuel, and function. But there are various parts that comprise overall nutrition, including actual nutrients, reasons to eat healthy, ways to eat smart, and much more. There are many benefits to eating healthy. Healthy eating can help individuals achieve and maintain a healthy body weight, consume important nutrients, and reduce the risk of developing health conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and iron deficiency. Healthy eating in schools is important for proper growth and development also to prevent various health conditions. The 2015-2020 dietary guidelines for Americans recommend that people aged two years or older follow the healthy eating pattern that includes varieties of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fat-free and low-fat dairy products, variety of protein foods, and oils. There are many different ways schools need to change their food. Since there are many students that have allergies, also are many vegetarians, religious believes where students can only eat certain things, and many students have diseases where they cant eat various of things. The government doesnt realize what they need to provide for their students in school. Also the procedures that teachers and staff members need to train on if there is every an emergency, like if there is a student having a severe food allergic reaction. Many schools dont realize is that many kids in school have severe allergies and cant eat various things. One in every 13 children have severe food allergies. Very small amounts of food allergen can cause anaphylaxis (severe, life threatening, allergic reaction). (Michael Pistiner MD,MMsc). To prevent accidental exposure those responsible for students must effectively read labels, prevent cross contact, use efficient cleaning strategies, and communicate clearly with others. Those responsible for students must be able to recognize a allergic reaction, have treatment of choice for anaphylaxis available, know when and how to use it, and know to contact emergency services immediately. These strategies are always necessary. Educating and understanding school communities (nurses, administration, staff, cafeteria workers, parents, and students) can create safe and supportive environments for children with severe food allergies. Especially letting the cafeteria workers know that a student has a severe food allergy can help the student avoid contact with the allergy reactant. By having a separate area in the cafeteria where students with severe allergies can sit and get different care thats needed. Care thats needed for children with severe food allergies would be having a different food line than others, that can help with there allergy needs. By doing this and changing the cafeteria food to help others with their allergies will reduce emergency allergic reactions in schools. There are many diseases that children in school have. Celiac disease is one of the top diseases in school that students have, which the immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barely and rye. This causes bloating and diarrhea. (The editors of encyclopaedia britannica). Which making school food in the cafeteria all gluten free will help students with this disease eat what theyre able to eat. Students have there different religions not everyone believes in the same things. Many religion like the religion Judaism, are restricted from eating unclean foods like the pig. Also the Hindus dont eat beef because, the cow is a sacred animal. By the school having different food lines to provide students with meals or having a paper/sign to tell the students with this disease or different religion what they can and cant eat will help them greatly. By doing this it will help outbreaks of their disease. Many students have daily encounters of foods that theyre not able to consume. By having dietary restrictions in school cafeterias, itll help students lives by helping them with their daily needs. Just by changing the menu slightly will help students in various of ways. Students with allergies that arent able to eat certain things will be able to have more choices. Just by adding more food lines in the cafeteria to avoid encounters of nut allergies will help with less allergy breakouts. Also by helping students with certain diseases and giving them a daily chart of whats in the cafeteria, or making all foods gluten free will help their daily lives. Just by making these simple changes in school cafeterias it can help change the world. (Michael pistiner MD, MMsc) www.allergyhome.org Very small amounts of food allergen can cause an anaphylaxis (severe life threatening, allergic reaction) (The editiors of encyclopaedia britannica) www.britannica.com immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barely, and rye. This causes bloating and diarrhea. www.sfgate.com Men need an average amount of 2,400 calories per a day to maintain a healthy body weight. www.sfgate.com Women need between 2,000-2,200 calories per a day