Bmw’s Dream Factory and Culture Essay Example for Free

Bmw’s Dream Factory and Culture Essay The culture at BMW is an entrepreneurial culture which emphasizes creativity, risk taking and the bottom-up system of freewheeling ideas. The top-down management style is popular in Germany but not at the BMW. As soon as associates start working at the BMW, they will have the sense of the place, history and the mission of the company. BMW creates a working environment that promotes easier communications between leaders and employees. Every employee can contribute his or her ideas and creations via either formal or informal ways. For example, an employee sees his or her supervisor by chance on the way to lunch, he/she can tell this person of the idea which has just happened in his/her mind. More importantly, their voices and their ideas are heard, welcomed and brought into discussions and consideration. As a result, a car from BMW is often a production of thousands of impromptu brainstorming sessions. Furthermore, BMW cares for the benefits of its employees. It includes all employees in profit sharing. It has a plan that distributes as much as one and a half months’ extra pay at the end of the year to employees. The company also provides a high level of job security for its employees. Lastly, BMW also focuses on high-quality but practical products which meet the demand of consumers and are highly competitive with other auto producers. The company’s near-failure from producing impractical and expensive cars during the postwar time in 1959 was a big lesson for them. This near-failure is always retold and mentioned in all new orientations for the new associates. It helps to remind all employees at BMW of a lesson learned for the company in developing its plans in the future and ensuring that kind of mistake should never happen again. 2. Discuss the model of leadership illustrated at BMW. The model of leadership illustrated at BMW is the consideration model of leadership. The leaders at BMW have close relationships with subordinates that are based on mutual trust, two-way and open communications, and respect for employees’ ideas. The managers at BMW must stay humble and work closely with subordinates and their peers. The Leipzig factory, which looks like an art museum, is a very creative working environment that can make the communications between managers and employees easier. Managers at BMW are the ones who know to make the right questions to ask their subordinates, not the ones who have all the right answers. They also emphasize the satisfaction of their employees’ needs and provide as many benefits to their employees as possible. They are approachable and always willing to listen to their employees. They think if the employees are well motivated, better cars will be produced. . Discuss how the leadership model contributes to the culture. The leadership model at BMW shortens the distance between leaders and subordinates. The relationships between them are built on mutual trust. Employees can feel free to raise their innovative ideas to their managers anytime and anywhere. When the employees see that their voice is heard, they are more encouraged to talk. Moreover, the company cares for the employees’ benefits. In return, the employees are very flexible to contribute their best for the company. The employees do not mind working temporarily for months in another work location which requires them to be far away from their family. They are willing to work for extra hours without being concerned about overtime. In summary, the leadership model at BMW has made it such a culture that is quite distinct from other German companies. 4. Discuss why employees derive high job satisfaction at BMW. The employees of BMW derive high job satisfaction because their benefits are well cared of, their voice is heard and their hard work is highly appreciated. Also, their job security at BMW is high. Any employees, regardless of what grade they are, can contribute their ideas and their innovations to the company’s managers easily. There are no complicated, formal processes or procedures required to send their ideas to their management teams. Furthermore, when the company gets more profits, the employees will also be more benefited. Good working environment is developed and paid attention to. In conclusion, BMW’s employees are highly motivated so they are satisfied and willing to contribute more to the development of the company.

journalism Essay -- essays research papers fc

In old days men had the rack. Now they have the press. That is an improvement certainly. But still it is very bad, and wrong, and demoralising. Somebody - was it Burke? - called journalism the fourth estate. That was true at the time, no doubt. But at the present moment it really is the only estate. It has eaten up the other three. The Lords Temporal say nothing, the Lords Spiritual have nothing to say, and the House of Commons has nothing to say and says it. We are dominated by Journalism. The Soul of Man - Oscar Wilde Feudal society was traditionally divided into three "estates" (social classes). The "First Estate" was the Church (clergy - those who prayed). The "Second Estate" was the Nobility (those who fought - knights). It was common for aristocrats to enter the Church and thus shift from the second to the first estate. The "Third Estate" was the Peasantry (everyone else, at least under feudalism: those who produced the food which supported those who prayed and those who fought, the members of the First and Second Estates). These "estates" are defined primarily by what one does (as well as by the social class one is born into). The term 'fourth estate' is used today to refer to the mass media as a powerful watchdog in liberal democracy, revealing abuses of state authority and defending the democratic rights of citizens. The notion that the press is a great instrument of liberty providing a check on the abuse of government power – any power - is a central part of any political culture. "If people don't know about power and let their attention wander completely then those in power will take liberties". Andrew Marr, BBC's political editor Former editor of The Independent The main role of the press is to ensure transparency and accountability in the government’s dealings. The publisher of a newspaper is most often also the owner and is the papers top manager. If a chain or a large corporation owns the paper, the publisher represents the owner’s interests and ensures the business’s profitability. According to the News Writers Handbook, the owner’s opinion about the news of the day is usually echoed by the editorial page editor on the editorial page and on the op- ed page opposite the editorial. It is common for the editorial page editor to report directly to the publisher, and not the paper... ...t. The education editor reviews books and other education material that is to be used by students. "Perhaps the most urgent--and complex--task facing American education today is to figure out how to hold schools accountable for improved academic achievement. In this important new work, Helen Ladd†¦.. this book should be at the top of the reading list for anyone seriously interested in transforming the quality of American schools." Edward B. Fiske, Education Editor, The New York Times All the editors work together to produce a newsworthy newspaper. The sit in the newsroom and deliberate of the ethical principles and legal ramifications of running certain stories. They act as a checking system on one another and so help in upholding the philosophies of categorical imperative, hedonism, veil of ignorance, golden rule, golden mean and utilitatianism for the good of the newspaper and the greater good of the public. BIBLIOGRAPHY Rudin, Richard and Ibbotson, Trevor, Introduction to Journalism. Focal Press, 2002. Keeble, Richard Newspapers’ Handbook( Media Practices) Routledge, 1998. Frost, Chris, Reporting for Journalists. Routledge: Taylor and Francis Books Lt, 2001

Promote and implement health and safety in health and social care

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is responsible for regulating health and safety at work. This is done by a code of practice for employers, employees and visitors in order to prevent illness and accidents. The legislation that best relates to health or social care work setting is The Health and Safety Act Work Act 1974. This legislation best describes the work that employer and employees have to follow and provide. The health and safety and security of employers and its visitors must be protected. In order to follow up this legislation, the employer has to draw up health and safety policy and procedures and must be followed according to the legislation. The employer has to provide a safe work place, safe access to and from place of work, a risk assessment of potential a hazard and health and safety training as well as information on health and safety. The points of health and safety policies and procedures agreed with the employer are as follows: To secure the health, safety and welfare of people at work To protect others from risks arising from the activities of people at work †¢ To control the use and storage of dangerous substances †¢ To control the emission into the atmosphere of noxious or offensive substances At a work place it is your duty to take care of yourself and anyone else who may be affected by your actions. No task should be done by you which you have not been trained or instructed to do so. No equipments should be misused in the interest of health an d safety. The responsibilities of a manager should be that they make you aware of everything that is regarding to health and safety at work. Such as, make you aware of health and safety policies and procedure and get you signed to confirm that you have been made aware. Others such as family members or carers have also responsibilities to consider such as health and safety in maintaining security, hand washing and no smoking rule. No task should be carried out without having had a special training. No need to be playing a hero if you are not trained to help at what ever the situation is. Medication should only be given by a trained staff and who also can demonstrate competence. There is so many things that could possible go wrong regarding giving a patient medication. Sudden accidents that may occur in work setting could be falling down the stairs or slipping on a wet floor. Illness that could occur are poisoning, allergy and burns. The procedure that should be followed if the floor is wet, a sign should be put up to make people aware that it is dangerous and slipper and cleaned straight away. The procedure that should be followed if someone gets poisoned or has a severe burns they should be taken to the A&E. Stress is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition or a stimulus. Stress is a body's way to react to a challenge. There are many signs that indicates stress, those are as follows: poor concentration tearfullness anxiety and depression high blood pressure weight gain or loss insomnia Signs that indicate own stress are physical stressors, emotional stressors and social stressors. Physical stressors are pain in your body, illness, disability, lack of sleep, poor diet and too much exercise or none. Emotional stressors, dealing with family problems, meeting deadlines, looking for a job, responsibilities at work and home and helplessness. Social stressors, relationships, financial problem, coping with children, moving house, getting married and having a baby. In order to overcome stress, is to build emotional strength within you, controlling your situation, having a good social network and always have a positive outlook on certain things. Challenging yourself by setting goals, builds confidence and helps you take charge of your life. Been active has a lot of benefits, not just by calming your emotions and help you think more clearly but also by cleaning up unwanted toxin in your body.

Abortion: Pregnancy and Unwarranted Government Intrusion

Abortion Ever since the idea/decision of abortion there has been arguments if it is moral are not. Very many people are strongly against it and state very good information on why but I'm pro abortion. I'm pro abortion because first of all it should really be up to women if its legal or not because its their bodies that have to go through the process of fetal extraction. There are some circumstances in which an abortion is needed. Lets say a high school couple happens to get pregnant they're not very capable to take care of a baby and be parents.A baby would compound the already existing problems a teen already has like school, sports, getting ready for college. Thats not life for a baby especially an unwanted one, what kind of quality of life is that for the baby or parents. What if the expectant parents of that baby aren't fit to be parents having problems with drugs and alcohol no one should grow up around that. If the baby did it could possibly follow in the corrupt footsteps of i ts failing parents and end up doing the same things.If women are forced to carry unwanted pregnancies to term the result is unwanted children which then when they grow up are at a disadvantage, and sometimes inclined toward brutal behavior to others. Now even God forbid let's say some woman had been raped and she has gotten pregnant because of that, she is probably going to want an abortion. This may sound vulgar and mean but what women would want to keep that baby and look at him or her and every day and be reminded of that time where she was highly helpless and being taken advantage of.No one should have to keep reliving that moment over and over again that would be very traumatic. Now the big problems why abortion should be legal came out in the 1973 case of Roe vs Wade. This case came along after women started having behind the scenes abortions where women had it done by coat hangers and dirty instruments to perform these highly dangerous procedures usually done on themselves or buy a paid person who has done these horrid procedures before. Most women would end up having serious infections, internal bleeding and in some cases even death.So abortion should be legal so we don't have this back-room procedures anymore and women having fatal injuries. But if they already have a serious disease or complication such as heart disease, kidney disease, severe hypertension, sickle-cell anemia and severe diabetes. The availability of legal abortion can help advert serious medical problems that can occur from childbirth. If abortion was illegal the government would be pushing an â€Å"undue burden† on women and or families which is illegal anyway because the government can not intrude on a person or persons life like that.And when an abortion is done a women only has 90 days to have on done or it becomes illegal regardless. (the trimester law that was established in the Roe vs Wade case)   We should not intrude on women and or families matters by saying what t hey can and cant do regarding matters such as these, abortion is even protected by the 14th amendment which gives women right to privacy. We should respect and support a woman and her family as they face the life altering decision of whether to have a child or not.So its not about the fact that you are supposedly â€Å"killing† a unborn fetus its more that we have the decision and the option to do what that person needs to do. For some families an accidental pregnancy is okay but for some such an event can be very   catastrophic. It can result in increase tensions, disrupt stability and put way below the line of economic survival. The outlawing of abortion would also be discriminatory towards the poor women and families that must resort to the dangerous self-induced or back alley procedures.Men with these very wealthy families can send their wives or girlfriends to other countries and pay to have it done legally. It will also if outlawed make more children bear children stu dies show that 44% of 14 year old girls will become pregnant before they turn twenty. This could happen to your daughter or some other loved one. Abortion and reproductive freedom more broadly defined are important pieces of ensuring this common dream. To obtain a better future, we must each be free to make profoundly personal decisions about our reproductive lives without unwarranted government intrusion.As with all freedoms, there are limits. But a government that respects the personal integrity of its people both interferes in these essentially private decisions as little as possible and helps ensure that everyone has the opportunity to make these decisions responsibly. So overall there are a few circumstances where an abortion is needed such as early childhood, medical complications that can be averted, and could cause major problems for the family and the unborn child.This is why I feel that abortion should be legal even though what the people against abortion are saying and tr y to throw in your face and make you believe. They have no evidence for their studies cause there is no proof behind what they say. The fetus can not feel pain before the first trimester (90 days) and no where in the bible does it say that its wrong because when the bible was written abortions weren't even around at the time let alone thought of.

Needs and risk assessment of physical disabilities Essays

Needs and risk assessment of physical disabilities Essays Needs and risk assessment of physical disabilities Essay Needs and risk assessment of physical disabilities Essay Brief 188020 Title: Analyse the procedure, methods and ethical quandary involved in set abouting a demands and hazard appraisal in a instance of physical disablements. Case Study ( from Aust 1996 ) Emma and Anne who are both in their early mid-twentiess have known each other for many old ages, holding met through a twenty-four hours Centre for people with physical disablements. As a consequence of a head hurt, Emma can non walk at all and uses a wheelchair. Anne has intellectual paralysis and besides uses a wheelchair. The misss have decided that they now want to populate together, but their parents are objecting to this thought stating that they would be excessively vulnerable in the community. Anne’s parents besides consider Emma to be too dominant and manipulative’ sing their ain girl. ( Aust 1996: 178 ) The instance presents the societal worker who is to transport out a hazard appraisal with a overplus of jobs. The essay will sketch the values, general ethical theories and the assorted theoretical accounts that can be utilised when measuring hazards for Emma and Anne’s move. It will besides reexamine the model for hazard appraisal that is available to societal workers and measure its utility in making a feasible solution to the aspirations of Emma and Anne to populate independently. Although it may non strike an perceiver as an ethical quandary at first, the legion facets involved in the determination devising procedure necessitate any societal worker to weigh the benefits and disadvantages of alternate classs of actions non merely for the two immature adult females but besides for any other involved party such as carers and so the societal worker herself ( Carson 1996 ) . This exercising of measuring benefits across those who are involved in the procedure of attention for Em ma and Anne in the past and in the hereafter under new fortunes needs to pull on ethical norms and constructs. The essay will undertake the assorted facets in bend and will chalk out a possible solution to the job every bit far as the fortunes that must necessarily act upon any determination are known in this instance. Risk appraisal has undergone a extremist transmutation over the last decennary in England and Wales ( Garrett 2003 ) . While ethical theories still play a more fringy function in concrete determination devising procedures in societal work, the work of practicians is to a great extent influenced by new theoretical accounts of appraisal, altering values and bureau processs. Although many local governments strive to formalize and standardize the procedure of hazard appraisal for their societal workers, there is merely loose and general counsel available from national administrations ( HSE 2002 ; Carson 1996: 11 ; with the exclusion of kid appraisal for which the UK authorities has provided a close compulsory appraisal model, californium. Garrett 2003 ) . Consequently the burden of measuring bing and possible hazards to persons is placed on societal workers who need to be equipped with robust theoretical accounts of appraisal in order to get at valid and sensible determinations. Additionally, although the Centre of determination devising is easy switching to service users, authorization of clients must stay a distant possibility if sufficient resources are non made available to ease the determinations taken by users and societal workers. Social workers are therefore put in a place in which they have beliing truenesss ; on one manus to place that class of action that is of most benefit to the service user ( BASW 1985 ; GSCC 2002 ) , on the other manus, to administer existing resources in the fairest manner across those entitled to have resources. The literature identifies several values that inform societal service hazard appraisal and societal work in general in the UK ( Banks 2006 ; Beckett 2005 ) . Social workers must endeavor to protect the self-respect of service users, heighten the possibility for self-government and recognize the worth of any person in their battle with clients ( BASW 1985 ; GSCC 2002 ) . While the more general thoughts that underlie societal work are frequently identified as societal justness in the wider social context, theoreticians frequently point out that specific norms such as forestalling favoritism on evidences of physical or learning disablement every bit good as societal inclusion and equity in administering existing resources and supplying entree to them flux logically from the more abstract impression of persons entitled to esteem and equal intervention. Additionally, some argue that continuing the unity of societal work professional is besides a basic value that should regulate societal w ork pattern, something that has found its manner into the assorted codifications of pattern in the UK ( BASW 1985 ; GSCC 2002 ) . Three sets of theories are seen as relevant to a more profound apprehension of the nature of societal work. Banks identifies principle based ethical theories, such as deontological ( Kantian ) and useful moralss, aboard virtue moralss and extremist theory. There has been ample argument about whether or non codifications of moralss reflect anything close to valid ethical theories. Banks ( 2003 ) argues that ethical codifications are really much the result of schemes of professions to circumference a sphere of duty accessible merely to practicians of the peculiar profession. They are vehicles of procuring position and privilege for societal workers and legalizing the liberty of the profession as a whole from external regulative intervention ( Banks 2003: 139 and 142 ) . International comparings reveal that professional codifications vary widely in length, content and signifier. Consequently they are capable to reviews from different angles. A cardinal unfavorable judgment nevertheless seems to use to about all codifications of moralss and that is that they often fail to carry through their chief map to steer societal workers in their professional pattern ( Banks 2003: 140 ) . Codes of moralss tend to be idealistic insofar as they formula te abstract moral rules as the foundation of societal work. If professional codifications are elevated to regulative position, violation of these rules might take to disciplinary action, an absurd scenario since the application of moral rules in concrete instances is unfastened to debate and reading ( Banks 2003: 141-142 ) . More significantly, Garrett ( 2003 ) argues that elaborate appraisal models carry through a political function and should be seen in the UK as portion of the wider New Labour scheme for cut downing unfairnesss in society. While this may look commendable, the merely elaborate appraisal model that Tony Blair’s authorities introduced carries deep paternalistic deductions and its societal inclusion rhetoric disguises the fact that the bordering scheme of New Labour’s economic repertory remains †¦essentially the neo-liberal one’ ( Garrett 2003: 451 ) . The instruments of societal alteration every bit remain conventional and undisputed. Garrett points out that New Labour envisages waged work as the chief tool for societal inclusion, thereby blatantly cut downing the complexnesss of societal justness and inclusion to material well-being ( Garrett 2003: 449 ) . He criticizes the late implemented kid appraisal model as excessively reliant on graduated tables, while still neglecting to supply a clear grounds base for opinions and recommendations’ ( Garrett 2003: 453 ) . Assessment frameworks hence may merely neglect to promote brooding and critical pattern of societal workers and overemphasise attachment to governmental ordinances and processs. Since societal work pattern is fatally wedded to a New Labour vision of society-government relationship in which the authorities knows best, assessment models can at best be vehicle for paternalistic supervising of parents and kids ( Garrett 2003: 447 ) . Previously to the challenge of the established theoretical account, the impression of hazard was defined as the possible to do injury to the service user or any others in the populace or the private sphere ( Carson 1996: 9 ) . The important difference between the more advanced impression of hazard and the older theoretical account of hazard appraisal is that hazard is today defined in a broader manner and relates to the quality of life of handicapped people ( Ross 1996 ) . Consequently, societal workers are tasked to see hazard that are unnecessarily placed on handicapped people which may take to societal exclusion and unacceptable low degrees of societal battle ( Parker 2003: 13 ) . This has resulted in a extremist re-formulation of the demands of handicapped people in society. Hazard now carries positive every bit good as negative intensions and may take to both good and harmful results ( Ross 1996: 81 ) . Social workers are urged to take both sides into history in their appraisal. In the given instance, the societal worker would hold to weigh the benefits for Emma and Anne by populating independently against the hazard that may be present in the event that necessary support may non be available at certain times in their level. Social workers therefore need to gauge the probability and size of known possible results that result from interaction of known and unknown factors’ ( Ross 1996: 82 ) . In this new strategy of things, hazard is a state of affairs where a individual is exposed to chances, jeopardies, and dangers’ ( Ross 1996: 82 ) Since one desired facet of hazard appraisal is non merely to guarantee that clients are consulted but actively take part in the determination devising procedure, any societal worker who carries out hazard appraisal must besides see who bears duties in instance things go incorrect ( Carson 1996 ) . If for illustration, Emma and Anne would disregard the indicant by the societal worker that there are no sufficient resources to vouch uninterrupted round the clock support in their new level, the societal worker must explicate to them that this may present an incalculable hazard to their well being. In the terminal the societal worker must guarantee that they arrive at a determination that balances their demands for independent life with those of the assorted stakeholders in the procedure. There are foremost the parents and carers of both Emma and Anne whose concerns must be heard and considered. By the same item, the societal worker would hold a duty to weigh these concerns against the possible involvements of the carers to forestall Emma and Anne from populating independently, non because it is non in their best involvement, but because it may non function themselves and their established fiscal and familial agreements. In a study of assessment pattern in societal work and determination devising processs, Holland has pointed out that since appraisal by practicians relies to a great extent on verbal interaction, those clients who manage to set up a relationship with societal workers that purports to rest on shared values predisposes determination shapers favorably towards the carers. On the other manus, those carers who do non go on to hold a sufficient articulacy, do non show equal co-operation with the societal worker or fail to offer an agreed plausible account for the household state of affairs do non win in household re-unification or other aims ( Holland 2000 ) . The nucleus standard for a positive appraisal appears to be the willingness of carers to accept in an articulate and convincing manner the position of the societal worker on past events and current fortunes of the household ( Holland 2000: 158-159 ) . Access to resources or the power to do determinations that affect households may therefore easy interpret into coercive relationships between societal workers and households, while the latter are compelled to acknowledge the societal worker’s reading of the family’s state of affairs as the lone valid 1 ( Holland 2000 ) . Calder outlines the assorted phases of hazard appraisal ( in kid attention contexts ) and distinguishes between the hypothesis on possibilities, information assemblage, information testing, determination devising and rating of this determination. But even with this elaborate step-by-step algorithm ( similar in Milner 2002: 62-63 ) , while it is possible to measure single hazards, it remains vague how societal workers are supposed to weigh hazards against each other ( Calder 1996: 35 ) . This is where societal doctrines are coming into drama. Social workers may moderately trust on their intuition sing the differing weight that they may desire to tie in with different hazards. Such a quandary may tend societal workers towards the original theoretical account of hazard appraisal one time once more, where impressions of single physical or emotional injury predominate the appraising procedure. Emma and Anne’s proposal for independent life may be rejected on these evidences. Inciden tally, Emma and Anne may besides be denied the want to travel into a level merely because non sufficient resources can be found to back up them at that place, and while this is a frequent external restraint it emerges in the hazard appraisal scheme as a legitimate ground to forestall Emma and Anne’s wants. Scarce resources therefore may forestall societal workers from traveling to a more balanced and advanced theoretical account of hazard appraisal as lineation earlier and forces them to return back to the original impression of hazard that was found wanting by protagonism groups and handicapped people themselves. In add-on societal workers may be confronted with a important deficiency of fit’ between their assessment recommendations and the existent opportunities of seeing this through by using bing collaborative webs between bureaus. Unless more resources are made available it is hard to see that the new theoretical account of hazard can meaningfully be implemented across societal service appraisals. Ross argues that societal workers should ideally use an exchange theoretical account of appraisal which assumes that the worker has expertise in job work outing [ while ] the user has expertise about the problem’ ( Ross 1996: 88 ) . Yet, any such sophisticated theoretical accounts of appraisal must be considered against the background of practical restraints such as budgetary restrictions, which may frequently annul assessment results and recommendations by societal workers. Mentions Aust, A. , Hazel Kemshall, Jane Lawson e.a. ( 1996 ) . Using Hazard in Practice: Case Studies and Training Material.Good Practice in Risk Assessment and Risk Management. H. Kemshall and J. Pritchard. London and Bristol, Pennsylvania, Jessica Kingsley: 176-197. BASW ( 1985 ) . A Code of Ethics for Social Work, British Association of Social Workers ( BASW ) . Banks, S. ( 2003 ) . From oaths to rulebooks: a critical scrutiny of codifications of moralss for the societal professions.European Journal of Social Work. Vol. 6, No. 2, 133-144. Banks, S. ( 2006 ) .Ethical motives and Valuess in Social Work. London, Palgrave. Beckett, C. and Maynard, A. ( 2005 ) .Valuess and Ethical motives in Social Work. An Introduction. London Thousand Oaks New Delhi, Sage. Calder, M. C. ( 2003 ) . The Assessment Model: A Critique and Reformulation.Appraisal in Child Care. Using and Developing Frameworks for Practice. M. C. Calder and S. Hackett. Dorset, Russell House Publication: 3-60. Carson, D. ( 1996 ) . Risking Legal Repercussions.Good Practice in Risk Assessment and Risk Management. H. Kemshall and J. Pritchard. London and Bristol, Pennsylvania, Jessica Kingsley: 3-12. Garrett, P.M. ( 2003 ) . Swiming with Dolphinfishs: The Assessment Framework, New Labour and New Tools for Social Work with Children and Families.British Journal of Social Work. 33, 441-463. GSCC ( 2002 ) . Code of Practice for Social Care Workers and Code of Practice for Employers of Social Care Workers. General Social Care Council. ( available at www.gscc.org.uk ) Hackett, M. C. Calder and S. Hackett, Eds. ( 2003 ) .Appraisal in Child Care. Using and Developing Frameworks for Practice. Dorset, Russell House Publishing. Holland, S. ( 2000 ) . The Assessment Relationship: Interactions between Social Workers and Parents in Child Protection Assessments.British Journal of Social Work. 30, 149-163. HSE ( 2002 ) . Five Stairss to Risk Assessment. Health and Safety Executive ( available at www.hse.gov.uk ) Kemshall, H. and Pritchard, J. , Eds. ( 1996 ) .Good Practice in Risk Assessment and Risk Management. London and Bristol, Pennsylvania, Jessica Kingsley. Milner, J. and Patrick O’Byrne ( 2002 ) . Appraisal in Social Work. Second Edition. Basingstoke, Palgrave. Parker, J. and Bradley, G. ( 2003 ) . Social Work Practice: Appraisal, Planning, Intervention and Review. Exeter, Learning Matters. Waterson, L. R. a. J. ( 1996 ) . Hazard for Whom? Social Work and Peoples with Physical Disabilities.Good Practice in Risk Assessment and Risk Management. Edited by H. Kemshall and J. Pritchard. London and Bristol, Pennsylvania, Jessica Kingsley Publishers: 80-92.

Researching French-Canadian Ancestry Genealogy

Researching French-Canadian Ancestry Genealogy Even if you cant read French, tracing French-Canadian ancestors can be easier than many people expect due to the excellent record keeping of the Roman Catholic Church in Canada. Baptisms, marriages,  and burials were all dutifully recorded in the parish registers, with copies also sent to civil authorities. This, along with the incredibly high rate of French-Canadian records preservation, offers a much greater, more complete record of people living in Quebec and other parts of New France than in most other areas of North America and the world. In most cases, French-Canadian ancestry should be fairly easily traceable back to the immigrant ancestors, and you may even be able to trace some lines further back in France. Maiden Names Dit Names As in France, most French-Canadian church and civil records are recorded under a womans maiden name, making it much easier to trace both sides of your family tree. Sometimes, but not always, a womans married surname is included as well. In many areas of French-speaking Canada, families sometimes adopted an alias, or second surname in order to distinguish between different branches of the same family, especially when the families remained in the same town for generations. These alias surnames, also known as dit names, can often be found preceded by the word dit, as in Armand Hudon dit Beaulieu where Armand is the given name, Hudon is the original family surname, and Beaulieu is the dit name. Sometimes an individual even adopted the dit name as the family name and dropped the original surname. This practice was most common in France among soldiers and sailors. Dit names are important for anyone researching French-Canadian ancestors, as they necessitate searching the records under several various surname combinations. French-Canadian Rà ©pertoires (Indexes) Since the mid-nineteenth century, many French Canadians have worked to trace their families back to France and, in doing so, have created a large number of indexes to various parish records, known as rà ©pertoires or repertories. The vast majority of these published indexes or rà ©pertoires are of marriage (mariage) records, although a few exist which include baptisms (baptà ªme) and burials (sà ©pulture). Rà ©pertoires are generally arranged alphabetically by surname, while those that are organized chronologically usually include a surname index. By exploring all of the rà ©pertoires that include a particular parish (and following up in the original parish records), one can often take a French-Canadian family tree back through many generations. The majority of published rà ©pertoires are not yet available online. They can, however, often be found in major libraries with a strong French-Canadian focus, or libraries local to the parish(s) of interest. Many have been microfilmed and are available through the Family History Library in Salt Lake City and Family History Centers throughout the world. Major online repertoires or databases of indexed French-Canadian marriage, baptism and burial records include: BMS2000 - This cooperative project involving over twenty genealogical societies in Quà ©bec and Ontario is one of the largest online sources of indexed baptism, marriage, and burial (sà ©pulture) records. It covers the period from the beginning of the French colony until the end of the XXth century. The Drouin Collection - Available online as a subscription database from Ancestry.com, this amazing collection includes nearly 15 million French-Canadian parish and other records of interest from Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and many U.S states with a large French-Canadian population. Indexed too! Church Records As in France, records of the Roman Catholic Church are the single best source for tracing French-Canadian families. Christening, marriage and burial records have been carefully recorded and preserved in the parish registers from 1621 to the present. Between 1679 and 1993 all parishes in Quà ©bec were required to send duplicate copies to the civil archives, which has ensured that the majority of Roman Catholic parish records in Quà ©bec still survive to this day. These baptismal, marriage and burial records are generally written in French (some earlier records may be in Latin), but often follow a standardized format which makes them easy to follow even if you know little or know French. Marriage records are an especially important source for immigrant ancestors to New France, or French-Canadian Canada because they usually document the immigrants parish and town of origin in France. The Family History Library has microfilmed the majority of Quà ©bec Catholic registers from 1621-1877, as well as most civil copies of Catholic registers between 1878 and 1899. This collection of Quà ©bec Catholic Parish Registers, 1621-1900 has been digitized and is also available for viewing online for free through FamilySearch. There are a few indexed entries, but to access most records youll need to use the browse images link and go through them manually.

Killer Whale Dorsal Fin Collapse

Killer Whale Dorsal Fin Collapse For some time, theres been a heated debate about why  killer whales in captivity have dorsal fins that are flopped over or collapsed. Animal-rights activists say that these fins collapse because the conditions under which killer whales - or  orcas - are held in captivity are not healthy. Others, such as water parks that keep killer whales in captivity and use them in theme-park shows, argue that there are no health threats to killer whales held in captivity and that dorsal fin collapse is natural. The Lowdown on Dorsal Fins All killer whales have a dorsal fin on their back, but the males dorsal fin is much taller than a females and can grow up to 6 feet tall. Despite the fact that the dorsal fin is very straight, it is supported not by bone but a fibrous connective tissue called collagen. All males in captivity have collapsed dorsal fins, but the condition, also known as dorsal fin collapse, flaccid fin, or folded fin syndrome, ​does occur in many captive females. Scientists are not certain why orcas have dorsal fins or what purpose the appendages serve. But, there is some speculation.  Whales Online  says that the large dorsal fin enhances the hydrodynamics of killer whales: (The dorsal fin) helps them slip through the water more efficiently. Similar to the ears of elephants or the tongues of dogs, dorsal, caudal and pectoral fins also help eliminate excess heat during intense activities such as hunting. Orca Live  agrees that the fins help regulate a killer whales body temperature: Excess heat, generated as they swim along, is released into the surrounding water and air via the dorsal fin - much like a radiator! Though there are different theories about their specific purpose, its a fact that dorsal fin collapse is far more prevalent in whales that are held in captivity. Dorsal Fin Collapse A wild orca often travels far, and quickly, in deep water. The water provides pressure to the fin, keeping the tissues inside healthy and straight. One theory as to why dorsal fins collapse in captivity is because the orca spends much of its time at the water surface and doesnt swim very far. This means that the fin tissue gets less support than it would if the orca were in the wild, and it starts to fall over. The whales also often swim in a repetitive circular pattern. Other potential causes for fin collapse may be dehydration and overheating of fin tissue  due to  warmer water and air temperatures, stress due to captivity or changes in diet,  reduced activity that causes low blood pressure, or age. SeaWorld of Hurt, a website operated by animal rights organization PETA, takes this stance, noting that dorsal fins of captive whales likely collapse Because they have no space in which to swim freely and are fed an unnatural diet of thawed dead fish. SeaWorld claims that this condition is common - however, in the wild, it rarely ever happens and is a sign of an injured or unhealthy orca. SeaWorld announced in 2016 that it would stop breeding whales in captivity immediately and  phase out killer whale shows  at all its parks by 2019. (In San Diego, the shows ended in 2017.) The company has said, however, that the shape of a killer whales dorsal fin is  not an indicator of its health. The dorsal fin is a structure like our ear, said Dr. Christopher Dold, SeaWorld’s head veterinarian: It doesnt have any bones in it whatsoever. So our whales spend a lot of time at the surface, and accordingly, tall, heavy dorsal fins (of adult male killer whales) without any bone in it, will slowly bend over and assume a different shape. Wild Orcas While less likely, it is not impossible for a wild orcas dorsal fin to collapse or become bent, and it may be a trait that varies among whale populations. A study of killer whales in New Zealand showed a relatively high rate - 23 percent - of collapsing, collapsed, or even bent or wavy dorsal fins. This was higher than that observed in populations in British Columbia or Norway, where only one male from the 30 studied had a fully collapsed dorsal fin, the study said. In 1989, the dorsal fins of two male killer whales collapsed after exposure to oil during the  Exxon Valdez  oil spill- the whales collapsed fins were thought to be a sign of poor health, as both whales died soon after the collapsed fins were documented. Researchers have theorized that dorsal fin collapse in wild whales may be due to age, stress, injury, or altercations with other killer whales.   Sources Matkin, C. O., and E. Saulitis. 1997. Restoration Notebook: Killer Whale (Orcinus orca). Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Anchorage, Alaska.  National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Regional Office. 2005. Proposed Conservation Plan for Southern Resident Killer Whales, ). orcaOrcinusVisser, I.N. 1998. Prolific Body Scars and Collapsing Dorsal Fins on Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) in New Zealand Waters. Aquatic Mammals  24.2,71-81.